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1. Access Control Systems & Methodology

Access Control is the collection of mechanisms for limiting, controlling, and monitoring system access to certain items of information, or to certain features based on a user's identity and their membership in various predefined groups. It permits the managers of a system to exercise a directing or restraining influence over the behavior, use, and content of the system for availability, integrity, and confidentiality? .

  • Access Control
    • Discretionary access control
    • Mandatory access control
    • Lattice-based access control
    • Role-based access control
    • Task-based access control
  • Access control administration
  • Access control techniques
    • Access Control Lists?
  • Access rights and permissions
  • Accountability
  • Centralized Access Control
    • RADIUS?
    • TACAS?
    • DIAMETER?
  • Decentralized access control
    • Domains
    • Trust
  • File and data ownership Monitoring
  • Identification? and Authentication? techniques
    • Factors?
      • AllAboutPasswords?
      • Biometrics?
      • AllAboutTokens?
        • Time based?
        • Event based?
        • Time and event based?
        • Certificate based?
          • PKCS #11?
  • Methods of attack
  • Monitoring
    • Intrusion Detection?
    • Alarms
    • Correction
  • One-time passwords?
  • AllAboutPasswords?
  • Penetration testing?
  • Rule of Least Privilege?
  • Single Sign-on?

2. Telecommunications? & Network Security?

The Telecommunications? and Network Security? domain includes the structures, transmission methods, transport formats, and security measures used to provide integrity, availability, authentication, and confidentiality? for transmissions over private and public communications networks.

  • E‑mail security?
    • S/MIME & relevant RFCs
    • PGP? & relevant RFCs
  • Facsimile security?
  • Internet/Intranet/Extranet
    • AllAboutFirewalls?
      • Packet Filtering Firewalls? /Screening Firewalls?
      • Application Gateway (Proxy) Firewalls?
      • Bastion Hosts as Proxy Firewalls?
      • Statefull Inspection Firewalls?
      • Application/Deep Inspection Firewalls?
    • Proxies
    • Network address translation? (NAT)
    • Transparency
  • Gateways and Routers?
  • Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
  • IPSEC
    • Authentication (IKE)?
    • Confidentiality (ESP)?
    • Integrity (AH)?
  • Network layer security (e.g. SKIP)
  • Transport layer security? (e.g. SSL? )
  • Host layer security? (e.g. host hardening, port monitoring)
  • Application layer security? protocols
    • Secure electronic transactions (SET)
    • Privacy Enhanced Mail? (PEM)
    • Secure Hypertext Transfer (S-HTTP/HTTPS)
    • Secure Remote Procedure call (S-RPC)
  • ISO/OSI layers and characteristics?
  • LAN/WAN/VPN
  • Network attacks & countermeasures?
  • Network monitors? and packet sniffers?
    • Network Tap?
  • PBX fraud and abuse
  • Physical Media Characteristics?
    • Fiber Optics?
    • Coaxial
    • Twisted pair
  • Network Topologies?
    • Wireless
    • Star
    • Bus
    • Ring
    • Repeated/Switched/Routed
  • Remote Access/Telecommuting Techniques
    • SLIP/PPP/CHAP/PAP
    • VPN?
    • One‑time passwords?
  • Secure voice communications
    • VOIP?
      • H.323
      • SIP
      • MGCP
  • TCP/IP vulnerabilities?
  • Transmission protocols
    • X.25?
    • PPP/SLIP?
    • Frame relay?
    • HDLC

3. Security Management Practices

Security entails the identification of an organization's information assets and the development, documentation, and implementation of policies, standards, procedures and guidelines that ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability? . Management tools such as data classification, risk assessment, and risk analysis are used to identify the threats, classify assets, and to rate their vulnerabilities so that effective security controls can be implemented.

  • Change Control? /Management?
    • Hardware configuration
    • System and application software
    • Change control process?
  • Data classification?
    • Objectives of a classification scheme
    • Criteria by which data is classified
    • Commercial data classification?
    • Government data classification?
  • Employment policies & practices
    • Background checks?
    • Security clearances
    • Employment agreements
    • Hiring and termination practices
    • Job descriptions
    • Job rotations
    • Separation of duties? & responsibilities
  • Policies, Standards, Guidelines & Procedures
  • Risk management tools & methodologies
    • Principles of Risk Management
      • Threats and vulnerabilities
      • Risk Assessment
      • Qualitative vs. quantitative
      • Annual loss expectancy calculations
    • Countermeasure selection
    • Risk reduction/assignment/acceptance
  • Roles and responsibilities

    • Individuals
    • Data Owners? & Data Custodians?
  • Security awareness training?
  • Security management planning?

4. Applications? and Systems Development Security?

  • System Development Life Cycle?
  • Application Environment?
  • Security Controls?
  • Database Security?
  • Application Vulnerabilities?
    • SQL Injection?
    • Shell Injection?
    • Cross-Site-Scripting?
    • Buffer Overflows?

5. Cryptography

The Cryptography domain addresses the principles, means, and methods of securing information to ensure its [[CiaTriad][integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity].

  • Authentication?
  • Certificate authority?
  • Digital signatures /non‑repudiation
  • Encryption Plain Text and Cypher Text
  • Error detecting/correcting features
  • Hash functions
  • Kerberos?
  • Private key algorithms
    • Block Ciphers?
    • Stream Ciphers?
    • Algorithms
      • DES?
      • AES?
      • TwoFish?
      • BlowFish?
      • IDEA?
      • RC2? ,RC4? ,RC5?
      • Eliptic Curve?
  • Applications & uses
  • Algorithm methodology
  • Key distribution &management
    • Key generation/distribution
    • Key recovery?
  • Key storage? and destruction?
  • Key strength?
    • Complexity?
    • Secrecy?
    • Weak keys?
    • Methods of attack?
  • Public key algorithms?
    • Applications & uses
    • Algorithm
      • RSA
      • DSA?
    • Key distribution & management
      • Key generation/distribution
      • Key storage/destruction
      • Key recovery?
    • Key strength?
      • Complexity?
      • Secrecy?
      • Weak keys?
    • Hard problems
      • Factoring
      • Logaritm
      • Eliptic Curve?
    • Methods of attack
  • Key escrow?
  • One‑time cipher

6. Security Architecture? and Models

The Security Architecture and Models domain contains the concepts, principles, structures, and standards used to design, implement, monitor and secure operating systems, equipment, networks, applications, and those controls used to enforce various levels of confidentiality, integrity, and availability? .

  • Principles of common computer and network organizations, architectures and designs:
    • Addressing ‑ physical & symbolic
    • Address spare as contrasted to memory space
    • Hardware, firmware, and software differences
    • Machine types (real, virtual, multi‑ state, multi‑tasking, multi‑user)
    • Network stack functions (OSI 7 layer model)
    • Operating states
    • Resource manager functions
    • Storage types (primary, secondary, real, virtual)

  • Common flaws and security issues associated with system architectures and designs:
    • Covert channels? (memory, storage, and communications)
    • Initialization and failure states
    • Input and parameter checking
    • Maintenance hooks & privileged programs (superzap/su)
    • Programming (techniques, compilers, APIs, & library issues)
    • Timing (TOC/TOU, state changes, communication disconnects)
    • TEMPEST

  • Principles of security models, architectures, & evaluation criteria:
    • Accreditation and certification
    • Common Criteria?
    • Closed and open systems
    • Confinement, bounds, & isolation
    • Controls, mandatory & discretionary
    • IETF? Security Architecture (IPSEC)
    • ITSEC classes and required assurance and functionality
    • Objects and subjects (purpose and relationship)
    • Reference monitors and kernels (purpose and function)
    • Security models? (Bell‑LaPadula, Clark‑Wilson, Biba)
    • TCSEC classes & required functionality
    • Tokens, capabilities, & labels (purpose & functions)

7. Operations Security?

Operations security is used to identify the controls over hardware, media, and the operators with access privileges to any of these resources.

  • Administrative Management
    • Separation of duties? & responsibilities
    • Job rotation?
  • Concepts
    • Anti‑virus?
    • Backup of critical information
    • Changes in workstation/location
    • Need‑to‑know/Least privilege
    • Privileged operations functions
    • Record retention
    • Sensitive information and media
      • Marking
      • Handling
      • Storage
      • Destruction
  • Resource protection
    • Communications hardware/software
    • Due care? /due diligence?
    • Legal requirements
    • Media management
    • Privacy? and protection
    • Processing equipment
  • Types of attacks?
  • Violations, breaches, and reporting

8. Business Continuity Planning (BCP)
and Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP)

Business Continuity Planning

Disaster Recovery Planning

9. Law, Investigation & Ethics

Law, Investigations, and Ethics addresses computer crime? laws and regulations; the investigative measures and techniques which can be used to determine if a crime has been committed and methods to gather evidence if it has; and the ethical constraints which provide a code of conduct for the security professional.

  • Investigations
    • Evidence
      • Types of admissible evidence
      • Collection and preservation of evidence
      • Forensics
    • Incident handling?
    • Investigation processes
    • Investigative techniques

  • Laws
    • Licensing
    • Intellectual properties?
    • Import/Export
    • Liability
    • Transborder data flow

See also: What About Ethics?

10. Physical Security?

Physical Security? addresses the threats, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures which can be utilized to physically protect an enterprise's resources and sensitive information. These resources include people, the facility in which they work, and the data, equipment, support systems, media, and supplies they utilize.

  • Facility requirements
    • Restricted areas/work areas
    • Escort requirements/visitor control
    • Fences, gates, turnstiles, mantraps
    • Security Guards/Dogs?
    • Badging
    • Keys and combination locks
    • Lighting
    • Site selection, facility design, and configuration
    • Motion detectors, sensors, and alarms
    • CCTV
  • Technical controls
    • Audit trails? /access logs
    • Intrusion detection?
    • Biometric access controls
    • Smart/Dumb cards?
    • Environment/Life Safety
    • Power and HVAC considerations
    • Water leakage and flooding
    • Fire detection and suppression
    • Natural disasters?

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